From cultivation to culture: Wheat farming and sex selection in China

Sex selection has been linked to son preference and discrimination against girls in many Asian countries. In this study, we shed light on the shaping role of rice–wheat cropping system to the subsequent gender inequality in China. Using an individual-level dataset compiled from a national scale survey and an archaeology publication, we show regional differences in gender inequality across China: parents show strong gender discrimination against girls in wheat regions. And 15.2 percentage points more parents from wheat regions engage in successful sex selection than those from non-wheat regions. The mechanism analysis reveals that women empowerment matters.     

土地登记制度的经济分析

研究目的:运用法律经济分析的基本理论,阐述土地登记制度的成本与效益,为建设安全、有效率的土地登记制度提供经济分析框架.研究方法:文献资料法和案例分析法.研究结论:在中国土地登记制度建设中要广泛研究如何降低交易成本和提高土地登记效益,避免忽略土地登记制度成本和效益的倾向.     

A Conjoint/Logit Analysis of Consumers’ Responses to Genetically Modified Tofu in Taiwan

We use data collected from a consumer survey of face‐to‐face interviews to determine consumer demand for genetically modified (GM) tofu attributes in Taiwan. Conjoint analysis using logit models reveals that, on average, brand is the most important attribute in terms of influence on consumers’ preferences, followed by price, with GM content having the least influence. However, the analysis also reveals three distinct market segments for tofu. Apart from the largest segment (which reflects the average lack of concern about GM food), the remaining two segments are split according to their preference or antipathy towards GM tofu. This result suggests that GM labelling is helpful to Taiwanese tofu consumers.     

西安休闲农业可持续发展能力评价与分析

休闲农业在社会主义新农村建设中起到关键作用,对自然地理环境优势明显、农业资源丰富、交通条件设施完备的西安来说,近年休闲农业旅游在旅游业的比重逐年提高,游客接待数量与相关旅游收入也达到新的高度。文章从经济基础、产业基础、社会基础、资源基础、产业与社会持续性、产业与生态持续性、基础设施条件、经营与管理能力持续性等8个方面共选择28个评价指标,构建了休闲农业可持续发展能力评价指标体系。以西安休闲农业为研究对象,利用2007~2013年相关统计数据,在得出指标评定系数与指标轻重的基础上,按照Z_t=∑W_i×Y_(it),对西安休闲农业可持续发展能力进行综合评价。通过数据分析,总结出西安休闲农业可持续发展能力体现以下特征:影响可持续发展的因素较多,休闲农业开展地区居民旅游收入提高,交通条件改善,网络通讯水平可持续良好,劳动力数量增长也较为缓慢,生活垃圾、生活用水处理与清洁程度还存在不足,当地居民文化水平提高程度可持续性增长缓慢。最后依据评价结果,对西安休闲农业的可持续发展提出了4项措施,即提高休闲农业管理水平,合理开发休闲农业资源,注重地区农业文化特征的表现及建立农业科技体系。     

Incentives to managers or participation of farmers in China's irrigation systems: which matters most for water savings,farmer income,and poverty?

The overall goal of our article is to better understand which matters for water savings, farmer income and poverty in China's irrigation systems: incentives to managers or participation of farmers. To pursue this goal, the article has three objectives. First, we track the evolution of water management reform, examining the practice of providing incentives to managers, and increasing the participation of farmers. Second, we identify the impact of water management reform on crop water use. Specifically, we want to measure whether or not incentives to managers and farmer participation in water management institutions affect the performance of the irrigation system. Because we also are interested in the potential results of water management reform, the article explores how changes in incentives and farmer participation affect farmer income and poverty. Based on a random sample of 51 villages and 189 farmers in four large irrigation districts in Ningxia and Henan provinces, both in China's Yellow River Basin, our results show that the two major forms of water management reform, water users' associations (WUAs) and contracting, have begun to systematically replace traditional forms of collective management. Our analysis demonstrates, however, that it is not the nominal implementation of the reform that matters, but rather it is the creation of new management institutions that offer water managers monetary incentives that lead to water savings. In contrast to the original design of China's reform policies, participation of farmers has not played a role in saving water. Importantly, given China's concerns about national food production and poverty alleviation, the reductions in water, at least in our sample sites, do not lead to reductions in income and do not increase the incidence of poverty.     

英格兰林地补助金及其对我国森林资源管理政策的启示

英格兰林地补助金是在欧盟共同农业和农村发展政策框架下的林地管理和补助政策。突出特点是按照森林资源经营的不同阶段设置不同的补助标准,采用现代化信息技术作为森林资源管理和补助发放的手段,资金瞄准率高,实现了在最大限度地利用森林资源的同时,最大化国土生态效益的目标。阐述了英格兰林地补助金的主要内容,分析了其政策的突出特点和管理理念,提出了值得我国公益林建设借鉴的思路。     

广西县域农民农业收入差异时空变化研究

选取2004、2008、2012年人均农业收入数据,运用GIS空间分析方法,从时间、空间角度研究广西县域农民农业收入差异及变化。结果表明:(1)广西中部以较高、高收入县域为主,且空间形态长期呈"/"形状,较低、低收入县域集聚东、西两侧。(2)2004年以来,较高收入、高收入县域数量并未显著增加,仍以中低收入县域为主。(3)收入等级相同或相近的县域空间集聚现象有所减弱,但中间高、两侧低的整体格局仍然存在,无明显空间变迁。(4)农业收入热点区形成南宁、柳州"双核心"模式。热点区域缺乏对冷点集聚区的"飞地"支持。(5)北部湾经济区农业收入最具竞争力,县域空间分布无明显差异;桂西资源富集区农业收入出现局部热点,但南高、北低格局将长期存在;西江经济带农业收入问题较为严重。(6)地理位置、农业细类结构与农业新经营方式采用、区域发展战略等因素成为农业收入时空变化的重要驱动力。     

湖南省休闲农庄空间分布研究

［目的］通过分析湖南省星级休闲农庄的空间分布特征，探究其分布规律，以期为区域规划与休闲农业发展提供借鉴与参考。［方法］以湖南省内971个评定的星级农庄为样本，运用最近邻指数、地理集中指数、洛伦茨曲线、基尼系数及核密度估算等方法进行空间分布类型及均衡程度测度； 运用缓冲区与叠加分析，进行农庄相对于主要客源市场的空间分布测度。［结果］（1）湖南省星级休闲农庄空间分布整体呈现出“东密西疏，区域集聚”特征； （2）整体空间分布类型为集聚型，市州区域分布较不均衡，具有围绕市州中心城市集聚分布的特征； （3）形成了长株潭地区和湘南郴州地区2个高密度热点区，与湘南衡阳地区、湘中娄底地区2个次热点区； （4）星级农庄主要分布在距市州中心城市90km范围内。［结论］湖南省休闲农业星级农庄发展已经达到了集聚程度，但发展较不均衡，表明湖南省的休闲农业发展水平东部明显高于西部，根据该研究结果可将湖南省休闲农业划分为长株潭、湘南、湘中南、湘北、湘西5个休闲农业发展区域。     

黄土丘陵沟壑区城乡协调发展研究

目的 受区域条件和城乡二元体制的制约，黄土丘陵沟壑区城乡发展滞后。新时期，亟待厘清区域城乡关系现状，为乡村振兴和区域协调发展战略的实施提供依据。方法 文章以黄土丘陵沟壑区57个区县为研究对象，分别构建县域城镇化和乡村发展水平评价指标体系，利用耦合协调模型探讨2000—2015年区域城乡发展的协调状况，结合相关分析探析“城”和“乡”对城乡协调发展的影响。结果 （1）区域城乡发展失衡，“城进村衰”问题加重。乡村人口系统、经济系统、社会系统和资源系统虽略有发展，但环境系统有一定程度衰退，而城镇化水平在各方面均取得较大发展。（2）区域城乡互动关系已趋稳定，城乡耦合模式以“中—中—高”、“中—低—高”为主。城乡发展协调水平总体较低，以勉强协调、初级协调为主。2000—2015年，区域城乡发展协调度空间差异明显缩小。（3）城镇化对区域城乡协调发展起主导作用，而乡村的作用较弱。结论 乡村发展滞后是制约区域城乡协调发展的主要原因，发挥乡村资源优势、加强乡村环境治理、激发乡村内生动力将有助于提高乡村发展水平、促进城乡协调发展。该研究有助于理解区域城乡关系现状，为区域协调发展和乡村振兴相关决策提供参考。